This photograph, that was untitled, shows the moon and the sea colliding with clouds and a boat. In this example, it shows an illusion that could have potentially been created using layering, masking and experimental darkroom techniques along with multiple exposure.
https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/13/arts/jerry-uelsmann-dead.html
In terms of this photograph title The Surprise by Maggie Taylor, she most likely used digital manipulation, photographic scanning, vintage imagery while paying close attention to detail to create this work of art.
https://www.westongallery.com/original-works-by/maggie-taylor